British Rule in India

The Battle of Plassey in 1757 was the battle that laid the foundation for British rule in India. Robert Clive led the British army in the Battle of Plassey. Bengal was the first territory in India that the British ruled. Although there was a nominal Nawab, all the power was with the British. Under Robert Clive, who was appointed as the first Governor of Bengal, the East India Company controlled tax collection and other matters. In 1765, Robert Clive introduced diarchy in Bengal. The Battle of Buxar was fought during the reign of Henry Vansittart, who was appointed as the Governor of Bengal after Robert Clive. The Battle of Buxar was a battle that solidified the British dominance in India. They bought 50 lakh rupees from the Nawab of Awadh, who fought against the British. Between 1766 and 1768, the British exploited Rs 50 crore from Bengal. As a result, Bengal was in the grip of a severe famine in 1770.

Diarchy

After the Battle of Buxar, in 1765, the English East India Company made Mir Jafar's second son, Nizam-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal. The Company then made the Nawab sign a treaty. According to this, most of the Nawab's army was disbanded. It was also agreed that the administration would be carried out by a deputy subedar appointed by the Company. The Company acquired the power to collect taxes (Diwani) in the regions of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa from the Mughal ruler Shah Alam II. The Company collected taxes directly and controlled the police and judicial powers through the deputy subedar. This was known as 'Diarchy'.