Medical Treatment Techniques

1. Appendectomy

Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix. Appendicitis is most common in childhood and adolescence. It usually starts with vague pain around the navel that becomes localized in the right lower region of the abdomen. Diarrhoea may also occur. Surgical removal to prevent rupture of the appendix and subsequent peritonitis is usually required. Appendectomy is the surgical removal of inflammed appendix.

2. Cryosurgery

It is a surgical technique of destroying a tissue by extreme cooling. American physician Irving S. Cooper developed the technique of cryosurgery for the purpose of freezing and destroying damaged brain tissue. Cooper tried it on a human for the first time in 1961 to relieve symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The technique also proved to be useful for such purposes as removing cataracts and correcting detached retinas.

3. Cystoscopy

The technique of examining the inside of the urinary bladder using an optical instrument called Cystoscope.

4. Diathermy

Diathermy is a technique of generating heat in a tissue by means of a high frequency electric current. It is a method of treating muscle and joint disorders and other diseases by creating heat energy in tissues beneath the skin. Diathermy is used chiefly to relieve such conditions as muscle aches, muscle strain and pain and inflammation in the joints. In diathermy, an electric current is passed through the body, generating an electromagnetic field. The tissues of the body have different resistances to the flow of electric current. This resistance causes a temperature rise in the tissues.

5. Enterostomy

Enterostomy is a surgical technique of making an artificial opening in the intestines.

6. Gastrectomy

Gastrectomy is the surgical removal of the stomach or part of it in the treatment of tumours or ulcers in stomach.

7. Hypothermia

Hypothermia is a technique to lower body temperature to reduce the body's requirement of oxygen during extended surgery of the brain or heart.

8. Hysterectomy

Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of a women's uterus. This surgery also includes the removal of the fallopian tubes. If only the uterus and fallopian tubes are taken out, the operation is called a subtotal hysterectomy. A total hysterectomy includes the additional removal of the cervix, the so-called neck of the womb. In some cases, the surgeon also removes one or both ovaries.

9. Laparoscopy

Laparoscopy is the examination of the abdominal cavity using an optical instrument called laparoscope. It is a surgical technique used to examine organs and to find out defect and treat certain diseases within the abdomen. Doctors use an instrument called a laparoscope to perform this technique. The laparoscope is a channel for surgical instruments. It is inserted into the abdomen through a small opening made in the abdominal wall. The doctor can observe the liver, gall bladder, spleen. Laparoscopy allows doctors to detect cirrhosis or cancer of the liver and disorders of other abdominal organs and the lining of the abdominal cavity. Surgeons can treat certain diseases by passing special instruments through the laparoscope and moving them in the abdomen.

10. Nephrectomy

Nephrectomy is the surgical removal of diseased or damaged kidney.

11. Oophorectomy

Oophorectomy is the surgical removal of a diseased ovary.

12. Venipuncture

Venipuncture is the puncturing of a vein to inject a drug, blood or other fluids into the vein.