Central Police Organisation in India

The Central Police Forces are special security forces operating under the Union Home Ministry in connection with the internal security of the country. The Central Police Forces have two components, the Central Police Organisation and the Central Armed Police Forces.

Agencies of Central Police Organization (CPO)

◆ Intelligence Bureau (IB)

The Intelligence Bureau is the domestic intelligence agency of India. The Intelligence Bureau was formed in 1887. The Intelligence Bureau operates under the Union Home Department. It was originally called the Central Special Branch. In 1920, the name was changed to the Intelligence Bureau. The agency works in relation to national security. The mission of the IB is to collect secret information related to national security. The first director of the IB in independent India is T.G. Sanjeevi Pillai. 

◆ Research and Analysis Wing (RAW)

RAW (Research and Analysis Wing) is the foreign intelligence agency of India. The full form of RAW is Research and Analysis Wing. RAW was established on 21 September 1968. The defeat in the Indo-China War of 1962 laid the foundation for the idea of ​​a special international secret police. RAW was modeled after the American spy agency CIA. RN Kao is the founding director of RAW. K.Shankaran Nair is the second director of RAW. RAW operates under the control of the Prime Minister. RAW is an intelligence agency that works only on deputation from the armed forces, state police, etc. K.Shankaran Nair and Hormis Tharakan are the Keralites who became the head of RAW. 'The law protects when it is protected' is the motto of RAW.  New Delhi is its headquarters.

◆ Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)

The CBI is the most important investigative agency in India. The full form of the CBI is the Central Bureau of Investigation. The organization known as the predecessor of the CBI is the Special Police Establishment. The Special Police Establishment came into existence in 1941. The CBI was established on April 1, 1963. Initially, the CBI dealt with corruption cases involving central employees. The founding director of the CBI was D.P. Kohli. The longest-serving CBI director was D.Sen. Archana Ramasundaram is the CBI's first woman additional director. The CBI started investigating economic crimes, murder, kidnapping, terrorist attacks, etc. in India since 1965. The headquarters of the CBI is in New Delhi. The three investigative wings of the CBI are the Anti Corruption Investigation Wing, the Economic Offences Wing and the Special Investigation Wing. The CBI office in Kerala is in Kochi. The CBI is the investigative agency that represents India in Interpol. The CBI operates under the Department of Personal Public Grievances & Pensions of the Central Government. The activities of the CBI are supervised by the Prime Minister's Office. 'Industry, Impartiality and Integrity' is the motto of CBI. CBI Academy is located in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. The Central Forensic Science Laboratory operates under the control of the CBI. Central Forensic Science Laboratory established in 1968 is located in New Delhi.

◆ National Investigation Agency (NIA)

NIA is the counter-terrorism agency of the Government of India. The investigative agency formed following the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks. This is a special agency formed by the central government to combat terrorist activities. The bill related to this was introduced in Parliament on December 16, 2008. It began operating with its headquarters in Delhi on January 1, 2009. Radha Vinod Raju, a Malayali, was the first Director General of the agency. In addition to terrorism, crimes such as counterfeit currency, money laundering, drugs, and smuggling also fall under the agency's investigation program. It can also engage in investigations without the permission of state governments.

◆ National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)

National Crime Records Bureau was established in 1986. It acts as a repository of information on crime and criminals. The National Crime Records Bureau operates under the Union Home Department. It was formed on the basis of the recommendations of the Tandon Committee, the National Police Commission (1977-1981), and the Task Force of the Ministry of Home Affairs. It is responsible for collecting and analyzing crime data and acting as a repository of such information to assist investigators in finding crimes and criminals. The headquarters of the National Crime Records Bureau is in New Delhi. In 2009, the National Crime Records Bureau was entrusted with the responsibility of monitoring, coordinating and implementing the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and System (CCTNS) project.

Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)

Bureau of Police Research and Development was established in 1970 under the Ministry of Home Affairs as a replacement for the Police Research Advisory Council. Its Headquarters is located in New Delhi. It was established with an aim to Identify the needs and problems of the police in the country. It undertakes research projects and studies and suggest methods to overcome the problems and challenges faced by the police and to meet the needs and requirements of the police. The Bureau was initially formed with two sections - Research, Statistics & Publication and Development. As per the recommendations of the Gore-Committee, the Bureau set up a Training Section in 1973. Bureau of Police Research and Development has five Central Detective Training Institutes. The institutes are located at Kolkata, Hyderabad, Chandigarh, Ghaziabad and Jaipur.

◆ Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy (Hyderabad)

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy is a civil service training institution in India. The institution trains officers of the Indian Police Service who are selected through the All Indian Civil Service Exam. The trained officers will be posted as Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) in their respective states. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy was formed in 15th September 1948 in Mount Abu, Rajasthan. The institution moved to its current location at Hyderabad in 1975. The institution was renamed after Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, who was the man responsible for creating 'All Indian Services'. The motto of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy is Satya Seva Surakshanam.

◆ North Eastern Police Academy

The North Eastern Police Academy formerly called as the Regional Police Training College is an institution working under the Ministry of Home Affairs of Government of India. It is located in Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya. The academy started in July 1978. It is engaged in shaping police officers for fair, effective and sensitive policing. It is dedicated to educating police officers in the North Eastern states and across the country to safeguard the value of freedom from disorder, criminal acts and criminals.

◆ National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science (NICFS)

The National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science was established in 1972 under the ministry of Home Affairs. It has been renamed as 'Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science (LNJN NICFS) on 2003 and continues to function as the country’s nodal institution. The institute provides training to all senior practitioners in the criminal justice system in the fields of criminology and forensic science, and also facilitates research related to these fields.

◆ Central Vigilance Commission

The Central Vigilance Commission was formed in February 1964. The Central Vigilance Commission was formed on the recommendation of the Santhanam Committee. In 2003, the Central Vigilance Commission Act came into force after the Central Vigilance Commission Bill was passed by the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Accordingly, it was given statutory status. Under the Whistleblowers Act, a complaint can be filed with the Central or State Vigilance Commission alleging corruption by officials.

◆ Bureau of Immigration, India

The Bureau of Immigration is an agency of government of india, working under the Ministry of Home Affairs. The agency is responsible for managing immigration related functions such as immigration facilitation service at Integrated Check Posts, Sea-ports and Airports and foreigner registration. The Bureau of Immigration was formed in 1971. The head of the agency is Commissioner of Immigration. The department of Bureau of Immigration is working directly under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

◆ Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)

Narcotics Control Bureau is a nodal drug law enforcement and intelligence agency of government of india, working under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It was established in 1985 November 14, under the provisions of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act of 1985.  Delhi is its headquarters. It also functions as an enforcement agency through its Zonal Offices. The Zonal Offices of NCB are responsible for collecting and analysing data related to seizures of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. It works in close collaboration with State Police, Customs and other law enforcement agencies.

◆ National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)

After the natural calamities of Orissa Super Cyclone (1999), Gujarat Earthquake (2001) and Indian Ocean Tsunami (2004), among many others, the concerned authorities took necessary steps of designing the systematic disaster management plan. This led to the enactment of the Disaster Management Act on December 26, 2005. As a result of Disaster Management Act, National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is constituted for the purpose of specialized response to natural and man-made disasters.